Lithuania has revealed plans to dig a 30-mile-wide ribbon of defences on its borders with Russia and Belarus that will include minefields and bridges set to blow up in case Russia invades.
The plans are part of a Baltic-wide push for more defence, amid increasing aggression from Russia and its allies.
Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, alongside Poland, have been fortifying their borders, adding obstacles and redoubts to existing fences. All four are also looking for EU funding for these projects.
When complete, having been in the works since early last year, the Baltic defence line is estimated to be more than 940 miles long and will limit Russia’s ability to launch attacks from its own territory, Kaliningrad and Belarus.
Lithuania, in particular, began setting up dozens of so-called ‘engineering parks’ filled with ‘counter-mobility’ equipment.
These initially included razor wire, concrete roadblocks, Czech Hedgehogs (a type of anti-tank barrier), as well as dragon’s teeth (concrete pyramids).
But Lithuania has now said that it is looking to further layer its defences, stretching them wide enough to protect Vilnius, the capital. Lithuania’s border with Kaliningrad and Belarus is over 590 miles long.
The new ribbon will be made of three layers. The first, estimated to be three miles wide, will begin with an anti-tank ditch next to the border fence. This will then be followed by an embankment, strips of dragon’s teeth and minefields, and then two layers of strongpoints for defending infantry.
Donald Trump greets Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky at the White House on August 18, 2025 in Washington, DC
Russia’s President Vladimir Putin meets with the Head of the Federal Tax Service (FTS) in Moscow on August 13, 2025
Main battle tanks from different countries, including the United States, Italy, Switzerland and Denmark, fire a volley during the US Army Europe and Africa International Tank Challenge on February 11, 2025 at Grafenwoehr, Germany
Greek Leopard tanks participate with other NATO forces in the US-led ‘LIVEX Immediate Response 2025’ military exercise
The second and third layers will see bridges primed with explosives that can be detonated at will, as well as more lines of infantry.
Lithuania is also planning on felling trees along the roads leading to towns and cities, which is expected to assist in destroying Russian armoured vehicles.
The aim of the new project is to slow down land attacks and push enemy forces into easier battlegrounds, not to entirely prevent attacks.
Lithuania currently has 23,000 professional soldiers, along with 104,000 reservists.
It has raised its defence spending to 5.5%, one of the highest rates of any NATO nation.
But war games last year suggested that Lithuanian troops would struggle to fight off an invasion from Russia, until other members of NATO stepped in to deliver reinforcements.
Things would be far worse if Russia seized the Sulwalki gap, the Lithuania-Poland border that is NATO’s land connection to the Baltics.
Lithuania is expected to also implement anti-personnel mines, mines designed for use against people as opposed to vehicles and equipment, after Lithuania pulled out of the Ottowa Convention along with several other NATO members.
Ukrainian rescuers working at the site of a Russian strike on an infrastructure facility near Odesa, Ukraine, 18 August 2025
Firefighters and Ukrainian emergency service workers extinguish a fire that broke out after Russian attacks in Okhtyrka, Sumy Oblast, Ukraine on August 20, 2025
Lithuanian Army soldiers take part in a Lithuanian-Polish Brave Griffin 24/II military exercise near the Suwalki Gap near the Polish border at the Dirmiskes village, in Lithuania on Friday, April 26, 2024
Lithuanian army soldiers install razor wire on border with Belarus in Druskininkai, Lithuania
Members of Lithuanian Riflemen’s Union instal razor wire on border crossing with Belarus in Sumskas, Lithuania
However, it has also placed a €10million (£8.6million) order for anti-tank mines on top of prior deals to buy 85,000 of them at the cost of €50million.
It has also replenished its arsenal of 155mm artillery shells, the NATO standard, and has ordered 44 top-of-the-line Leopard 2A8 battle tanks from Germany.
It has also bought €6million worth of Israeli Spike LR2 anti-tank missiles.
Last month, Lithuanian defence minister Dovile Sakaliene said she was prepared to ask NATO to destroy drones that encroached on her nation’s airspace from Belarus, after this happened twice in a matter of weeks.
In June, Polish officials said they added minefields to their version of the Baltic defence line, the East Shield.
Karol Frankowski, a Polish army spokesperson, said: ‘We are protecting our border. We saw what happened to Ukraine during the Ukrainian war. So we need to be prepared for a potential attack.’
And today, Germany’s defence ministry outlined plans to buy more than €350billion (£301billion) worth of arms before the end of 2041.
Observation towers stand behind barbed wire on the Russian side of the border between the Russian semi-exclave of Kaliningrad and Lithuania
A Lithuanian border fence runs along the bborder to the Russian semi-exclave of Kaliningrad on October 28, 2022 near Vistytis, Lithuania
This included €70.3billion for munitions, €52.5billion for combat vehicles and €36.6billion for naval vessels and equipment.
In June, Germany’s defence chief has starkly warned that NATO should be prepared for a possible attack by Russia in the next four years.
General Carsten Breuer said Russia poses a ‘very serious threat’ to the Western defence bloc, the likes of which he has never seen in his 40-year military career.’
Breuer pointed to the massive increase in Vladimir Putin’s armoury and ammunitions stock, including a massive output of 1,500 main battle tanks every year as well as the four million rounds of 152mm artillery munition produced in 2024 alone.
He said that not all of these additional military equipment was going to Ukraine, which signalled a possible building up of capabilities that could be used against the NATO bloc, adding that Baltic states were at a particularly high risk of being attacked.
‘There’s an intent and there’s a build up of the stocks’ for a possible future attack on Nato’s Baltic state members,’ he told the BBC.
General Carsten Breuer said Russia poses a ‘very serious threat’ to the Western defence bloc, the likes of which he has never seen in his 40-year military career.’
‘This is what the analysts are assessing – in 2029. So we have to be ready by 2029… If you ask me now, is this a guarantee that’s not earlier than 2029? I would say no, it’s not. So we must be able to fight tonight,’ he said.
Breuer said that the Suwalki Gap, a region that borders Lithuania, Poland, Russia and Belarus, was particularly vulnerable to Russian military activity.
‘The Baltic States are really exposed to the Russians, right? And once you are there, you really feel this… in the talks we are having over there,’ he said.
The Estonians, he said, had given the analogy of being close to a wildfire where they ‘feel the heat, see the flames and smell the smoke’, while in Germany ‘you probably see a little bit of smoke over the horizon and not more’.
Earlier this year, Latvia’s intelligence agency, the Constitution Protection Bureau (SAB), released a shocking report claiming that ‘Russian intelligence and security services are currently developing their capabilities to organize sabotage in Europe’ in preparation ‘for a possible military confrontation with NATO in the long term’.
Should a peace deal play out to ‘freeze’ the conflict in Ukraine along existing battle lines, Moscow ‘would be able to increase its military presence next to NATO’s north-eastern flank, including the Baltics within the next five years’, the report claimed.
‘This scenario would significantly increase Russia’s military threat to NATO,’ the SAB assesses.
Denmark last year came to a similar conclusion, that Russia could attack a NATO country within three to five years and ‘test’ the bloc’s Article 5 commitment of mutual defence.
Dr Kenton White, politics and international relations expert at the University of Reading, told the Daily Mail that NATO is right to be concerned about the Russian threat.
‘Russia has a long history of learning from military failures,’ he said. ‘NATO should not underestimate that ability.
Lithuania’s announcement comes after Russia wounded at least 14 people, including a family with three children, in an overnight attack on Ukraine’s northern region of Sumy.
The Polish-Belarusian country border crossing is seen behind concrete anti-tank obstacles and barbed wire in Polowce-Pieszczatka, Poland on July 21, 2025,
Lithuanian border guard officers patrol by the metal fence at the Lithuanian-Belarusian border
A plane and Germany’s Patriot air defense system vehicles are seen ahead of the summit of NATO leaders that is going to take place in Vilnius on June 10, 2023
The strike took place at a time of intense efforts by US President Donald Trump to bring an end to the Russian war in Ukraine.
Russia launched 15 drones in an assault on the Okhtyrka area in the early hours of Wednesday, local prosecutors said on the Telegram messaging app.
The children injured in the attack, which struck a residential neighbourhood in the town, were aged 5 months, 4 years and 6 years, Prime Minister Yulia Svyrydenko wrote on X.
‘Russia continues to manifest its fears through acts of pure terrorism across Ukraine, once again targeting the homes of families and their sleeping children,’ she said.
Russia has repeatedly said it does not attack civilians or civilian infrastructure.
Overall, Russia launched a total of 93 drones and two missiles to attack the country overnight, the Ukrainian air force said, adding it downed 62 drones and one missile, and recorded hits at 20 locations.
Ukraine’s State Emergency Services reported a ‘massive drone strike’ on the southern region of Odesa, saying one person was wounded and a large fire erupted at a fuel and energy facility.
Members of Ukraine’s Armed Forces 18th Sloviansk Brigade anti-drone unit operate to intercept Russian drones on August 19, 2025 in the Donetsk region of Ukraine
Ukrainian firefighters search for survivors after a Russian air strike on a residential building after a Russian airstrike in Kostiantynivka, Ukraine on August 19, 2025
Officials of the Izmail district in the Odesa region said port infrastructure in the city was damaged.
Russia has stepped up its attacks on Ukraine’s energy sector this week. One attack sparked fires at an oil depot belonging to Azerbaijani state oil company SOCAR, while another damaged a gas transport facility in the central region of Poltava.
Russia has regularly attacked oil depots and fuel storage facilities since the first days of the full-scale invasion it launched in February 2022. The Energy Ministry said Ukrainian energy facilities had been attacked 2,900 times since March 2025 alone.