A top general and allied members of the military in Bolivia tried to storm the presidential palace on Wednesday afternoon before quickly retreating in an apparent failed attempt at coup.
Hours later, the general was taken into custody on live television.
Video on Bolivian television showed security forces in riot gear occupying the main square in the administrative capital, La Paz, a camouflaged military vehicle ramming a palace door and soldiers trying to make their way into the palace.
Then, just as quickly as they had appeared, the general, Juan José Zuñiga disappeared, and his supporters in the armed forces pulled back and were replaced by police officers supporting the country’s democratically elected president, Luis Arce.
Mr. Arce ventured onto the plaza after calling on Bolivians “to organize and mobilize against the coup and in favor of democracy.”
“Long live the Bolivian people!” he shouted in a television address. “Long live democracy!”
In all, the attempted afternoon incursion into the palace lasted just three hours. As time wore on, it became clear that General Zuñiga’s plan had little support.
Just before his arrest, General Zuñiga claimed, without providing evidence, that Mr. Arce had asked him to stage the coup attempt.
“The president told me,” Mr. Zuñiga said as television cameras rolled, “the situation is really messed up, this week is going to be critical — so it’s necessary to prepare something that will raise my popularity.’”
Moments later, the police whisked the general away in a white police truck.
A representative of Mr. Arce’s government did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
The office of the attorney general announced on Wednesday evening that it had opened an investigation into General Zuñiga “and all the other participants” of the day’s events, adding that it would seek “the maximum punishment” for those responsible.
Local news outlets previously reported that General Zuñiga was dismissed from his position this week, which some in the country believed to be related to remarks he made about former President Evo Morales, a mentor of Mr. Arce.
The coup attempt came at a tense moment for Bolivia, a landlocked nation of 12 million people in South America. Mr. Arce, a leftist and the handpicked successor of Mr. Morales — the country’s first Indigenous president and a towering figuring in Bolivian politics — is battling with Mr. Morales for control over their party and who will be its candidate in a 2025 race.
Bolivia’s economy is struggling, and Mr. Arce has been accused of moves his critics call undemocratic, including the detention of the opposition figure Luis Fernando Camacho and former President Jeanine Áñez.
During the attempt to take over the palace, General Zuñiga briefly entered the building, according to local reporters, before exiting and making a speech surrounding by masked members of the security forces. He criticized the government of Mr. Arce, and said the military was attempting to install “a true democracy, not one for a few.”
He also called for the release of several politicians and members of the military who have been imprisoned, including Ms. Áñez and Mr. Camacho.
“Enough of rule by a few,” the general said. “Look where that has gotten us! Our children have no future, our people have no future, and the army has the balls to fight for our children’s tomorrow.”
Shortly afterward, Mr. Arce confirmed that he was replacing General Zuñiga, the commander general of the armed forces, as well as the heads of the air force and navy.
In a statement on television, the new commanding general, José Wilson Sánchez Velásquez, urged General Zuñiga “not to spill the blood of our soldiers.”
The military’s initial move on the palace was immediately criticized by some leaders in the region, including President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva of Brazil. “Coups have never worked,” he told reporters on Wednesday.
President Andrés Manuel López Obrador of Mexico, who has long expressed admiration for Mr. Arce and Mr. Morales, also condemned the attempted coup, calling Mr. Arce Bolivia’s “authentic democratic authority.”
It was under the López Obrador administration that Mexico first provided a landing spot and asylum to Mr. Morales after he stepped down in 2019 amid violent protests set off by a disputed election
Bolivia is no stranger to political turmoil. The deeply polarized country has had 190 coups throughout its 200 years of history. And much of the military’s discontent, analysts say, stems from the feeling that they end up defending the established order, only to be punished politically, or with jail time, for standing by that order once a new government takes over.
But Carlos Saavedra, a Bolivian political analyst, said he saw little support in the country for this short-lived incursion, calling it an “adventure of a small group of soldiers.”
“There is no mobilization in any other department of the country,” he said. “It seems like it is Zúñiga’s intimate group that wanted to latch on to the command of the general of the army.”
Emiliano Rodríguez Mega contributed reporting.